ABSTRACT
Tumor metastasis is one of the important biological characteristics of malignant tumor,which is closely related with the prognosis of the cancer patients.High expression of ADAM8 in varieties of tumors was revealed in many recent studies,and such aberrant expression played a crucial role in regulating of tumor metastasis.Studies showed that overexpression of ADAM8 attenuated the intercellular adhesion effect,promoted tumor angiogenesis,and enhanced the degradation of ECM as well as the releasing of cytokines.Therefore,suppression of ADAM8 may lead to inhibition of tumor metastasis,which makes ADAM8 a particular attractive target as it can be used as a prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target of malignant tumor.A review about the relations between ADAM8 protein′s abnormal expression and tumor occurrence was discussed in this paper,also include discussion about the mechanisms of ADAM8 protein′s disorder-induced tumor formation,as well as therapeutic strategies based on ADAM8-targeted,which may provide references for follow-up research and clinical treatment.
ABSTRACT
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1),as one of the main members of the heat shock protein 90 family, resists oxidative stress-induced apoptosis as well as predominantly maintains the integrity of mitochondria and cellu-lar homeostasis. Abnormal expression of TRAP1 was herein closely related to the onset and progression of a wide variety of tumors. As a key regulatory factor mediating energy metabolism within tumor cells, TRAP1 may be able to kill them by interfer-ing with such metabolism. More importantly, the abnormal ex-pression of TRAP1 played a less important role in normal cells, allowing TRAP1 to be a particularly attractive target as it can be used in tumor treatment or interference. The relationship be-tween abnormal expression of TRAP1 protein and tumor onset was reviewed. Besides, the mechanism by which disordered TRAP1 protein expression induced tumor formation was postula-ted, which may provide references for future research and clini-cal treatment.
ABSTRACT
The study on tumor metabolism has been gradually be-come a hot spot in recent years .A lot of proteins involved in the regulation of tumor metabolism especially the glucose transporter protein 1(GLUT1).As a key regulatory factor mediating energy metabolism within tumor cells , GLUT1 can regulate the glucose intake and maintain the basic level of metabolism in tumor cells . More importantly, the abnormal expression of GLUT1 was asso-ciated with many kinds of tumors , of which GLUT1 was used to meet the energy requirement for the fast growth of tumor .Thus GLUT1 also played a crucial role in growth , differentiation and metastasis of tumor cells and prognosis of tumors .Meanwhile , as three-dimensional crystal structure of GLUT 1 was determined , it is possible to design the small molecular inhibitors of GLUT 1, which can realize “starve to death” tumor cells.GLUT1 can be a particularly attractive target for tumor treatment and interfer-ence.The relationship between abnormal expression of GLUT 1 protein and tumor metabolism was reviewed . Moreover , the mechanism of tumor metabolism regulated by GLUT 1 protein ex-pression and treatment of cancers were discussed , which may provide references for future research and clinical treatment .
ABSTRACT
Tumor metastasis is one of the most important biologi-cal characteristics of malignant tumor, and it is also the main factor resulting in poor prognosis and leading to failure of treat-ment. In recent years, studies have shown that the extracellular matrix ( ECM) of tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in tumor metastasis. Tumor ECM fibrogenesis could form the cross-linked network structure, which not only provides nutrition and support to tumor, also it is necessary to tumor growth and inva-sion. These research results indicate that blocking ECM fibro-genesis may exert an inhibitory effect on tumor metastasis. Therefore, targeting ECM fibrogenesis has become a particularly attractive strategy as it can be used in the treatment of metasta-sis-related diseases. The ECM fibrogenesis in tumor is reviewed in this paper as well as the treatment strategies on tumor metas-tasis by targeting ECM fibrogenesis, which may provide refer-ences for follow-up research and clinical treatment.
ABSTRACT
Bronchial asthma is a kind of respiratory disease which affects people 's life quality seriously. Many factors in-volved in the occurrence and development of such disease, of which the aberrant expression of E-cad plays a critical role in it. Research found that E-cad is an important cell adhesion molecu-lar, and its main function is to maintain the structural integrity of cells and participate in the improvement of airway remodeling as well as restoration of immune function. Further study showed that the role of mucosal barrier of airway epithelial cells in bronchial asthma patients was often damaged. Moreover, the protein ex-pression of E-cad decreased significantly in mucosal molecular, which suggested that the abnormal expression of E-cad was in-volved in the development of bronchial asthma. A review on the relations between the abnormal expression of E-cad protein and bronchial asthma has been discussed in this paper, also it in-cludes the discussion about the mechanisms of E-cad’ s disorder-induced bronchial asthma as well as explores the strategies of bronchial asthma treatment, which may provide references for the follow-up research and clinical treatment.
ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular disease is a serious threat to human health and quality of life ,and it has become the leading cause of death in human.Thus,looking for effective drugs to reduce the mortality and morbidity of such a disease has become a problem to be solved.Due to its good efficacy of activating blood circula-tion and dissipating blood stasis,salvia miltiorrhiza has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease and ob-tained a good curative effect.Salvianolic acid B is one of the main water-soluble components of salvia miltiorrhiza extract and studies have shown that salvianolic acid B possesses many biolog-ical activities,which not only has a good protective effect on my-ocardial infarction,but could significantly alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.This article reviews the research progress of salvianolic acid B in cardiovascular diseases,and al-so includes discussion about the mechanisms of salvianolic acid B in the regulation of cardiovascular diseases,which may provide references for follow-up research and clinical treatment.
ABSTRACT
Aim To observe the effects of the total fla-vonoids of scutellaria barbataon ( TFSB ) on high-fat feeding ApoE gene deficiency mice in early atheroscle-rosis ( AS ) and its underlying mechanisms. Methods 40 ApoE-/ -male mice were divided into five groups:model group, SIM group and L-TFSB, M-TFSB, H-TFSB group, 5 C57BL/6J mice were selected as nor-mal control group. All mice in experimental group were fed with high-lipid diet for 4 weeks and all mice were killed after 8 weeks. H&E staining was used to observe morphology of aorta. Blood rheometer was used to ex-amine plasm viscosity and whole blood viscosity. Fully automatic biochemical analyser was used to detect the serum levels of TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C. The ex-pression levels of PLTP and VE in serum were meas-ured by ELISA. The expression levels of PLTP and FXR in liver were examined by Western blot. Results The model was established successfully. TFSB groups could improve the aorta AS morphology of model mice and significantly reduce the serum levels of TG, TC and LDL-C, while increase the level of HDL-C ( P hematocrit value, plasma viscosity and whole blood vis-cosity of AS model mice significantly and had statistical significance when compared with model group ( P <0. 01 ) . The expression levels of PLTP of serum were reduced significantly when compared with model group ( P <0. 01 ) . We also found that the expression of PLTP was in negative correlation with VE ( r = -0. 675,P<0. 01). M-TFSB and H-TFSB group could decrease the expressions of PLTP and FXR of liver when compared with model group ( P <0. 01 ) . Con-clusion TFSB may exert its anti-AS effect partly through inhibiting the levels of FXR and PLTP of ApoE-/ -mice, increasing the level of VE, regulating blood lipids, improving blood rheology and reducing the damage of AS in mice.
ABSTRACT
Tumor metastasis is one of the most important biologi-cal characteristics of malignant tumor, and it is also the main factors that cause treatment failure and poor prognosis. Clinical studies have shown that the number of platelets in patients with malignant tumor increased more significantly than that in benign tumor patients and healthy people, which indicate that platelet might be involved in the development process of tumor. Further study found that in the process of cancer spreading to blood, platelet could interact with tumor cells to form tumor emboli, helped tumor cells escape from immune surveillance, thus pro-moted the tumor metastasis. In recent years, related mechanisms on platelets in promoting tumor metastasis were revealed gradual-ly, and several targeted therapies based on platelets were also carried out. This paper reviews the role of platelet in mediating tumor metastasis by hematogenous spread and its mechanisms and discusses the therapy strategies that target platelet, which may provide references for follow-up research and clinical treat-ment.
ABSTRACT
Aim To screen the potential inhibitors of post-transcriptional activity of pro-inflammatory media-tor TNF-α from the lipophilic constituents in Chinese Medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge ( Danshen) , we es-tablished dual luciferase reporter gene system pGL3-TNF-α3′UTR ( 3′untranslated region ) co-transfected with Renilla control gene. Methods Complementary DNA ( cDNA) template was obtained from human um-bilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) . The full length DNA of TNF-α 3′-UTR was amplified through PCR, and then connected the luciferase reporter vector pGL3-control after enzyme digestion. pGL3-TNF-α 3′UTR constructs were co-transfected with pSVRenilla into the mononuclear macrophages RAW264. 7 cells. The relative activity of reporter genes was measured by dual luciferase reporter ( DLR ) assay system after the stimulus of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) in presence or absence of tanshinones compounds. Results The pGL3-TNF-α3′UTR luciferase reporter gene was suc-cessfully constructed. The cloning DNA fragment and sequence were both consistent with the GENBANK da-tabase. LPS significantly induced the relative reporter activityof RAW264 . 7 cells transfected with pGL3-TNF-α 3′UTR. Among four tanshinones compounds, we found only cryptotanshinone could significantly de-crease LPS-induced relative reporter activity. Conclu-sion The pGL3-TNF-α 3′UTR construct combined with DLR assay system was successfully established, which can be used to discover the agents such as cryp-totanshinone that regulate the post-transcription of TNF-α in treatment of inflammatory and malignant dis-eases.
ABSTRACT
Autophagy is a common phenomenon which widely ex-ists in eukaryotic cells. Researches have shown that autophagy plays a critical role in maintaining cellular hemostasis, cell com-ponents update and keeping a normal physiological state. In re-cent years, the study has found that autophagy is closely related to the growth, the development of cardiovascular diseases and tumors. Further studies show that in different pathological condi-tions, autophagy could both promote angiogenesis and inhibit the formation of blood vessels. Therefore, it is particularly critical to elucidate the mechanisms of autophagy in the regulation of angio-genesis in different pathological conditions. The role of autophagy in cardiovascular diseases especially in the regulation of angio-genesis is discussed in this paper. Besides, the paper also in-cludes the discussion about the mechanisms of autophagy in the regulation angiogenesis, which may provide references for follow-up research and clinical treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the relationship between apoE gene polymorphisms and gallstone. Methods We included all the published studies on the association between apoE gene polymorphisms and gall-stone. A meta-analysis was employed to summarize all these studies, calculate the pooled OR and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) , and test the overall effects. The Egger's publication bias analysis and sensitivity analysis were carried out to evaluate the reliability and stability of the meta-analysis. Results Eleven association studies between the apoE gene polymorphisms and gallstone fulfilled our inclusion criteria. There were 1248 patients with gallstones and 1660 controls. Remarkable heterogeneities were discovered in the allele ε4 and genotype E3/E4 of apoE between gallstone and control subjects in these studies (P<0. 05). Their ORs and 95%CIs were 1.32 (1.01, 1. 71), 1. 60 (1. 04, 2. 46), respectively (P<0. 05). The results of sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis showed the reliability and stability of this meta-analysis. Conclusion apoE gene polymorphisms are associated with gallstone. Those with the alleleε4 or genotype E3 /E4 had a higher risk of suffering from gallstone.